Travellers' Rest stone at Red Bank

Summary

Stone seat for travelling migrants, in particular Irish harvest workers, of 1862 and designed by James Kendrick to suit men, women and children, and inscribed.

Reasons for Designation

The Travellers’ Rest stone at Red Bank, a stone seat for travelling migrants, of 1862 and designed by James Kendrick, is listed at Grade II for the following principal reasons:

Historic interest
* manifesting the area’s history, well into the second half of the C19, of migrant-labourer foot traffic by local and Irish migrants in particular, and enhanced by the presence of other listed examples surviving along the route.

Architectural interest
* for the careful design by a doctor to cater for the needs of men, women and children and their loads;

* for the interest of the stepped shape with doming to the central seat, enlivened by an incised inscription.

History

This stone is one of several stones placed by Dr James Kendrick in the Warrington area around 1860. In September 1859, inspired by Charles Melly’s donation of drinking fountains in Liverpool, Kendrick proposed a series of stone seats for foot travellers through Warrington, in particular along the road from Liverpool to Manchester. This road was much travelled by itinerant labourers including many Irish harvest-time migrants. The stone was designed by Kendrick to provide an easy resting position for an adult, leaning forward with elbows resting on knees, and with space for companions or for baggage to be rested off the ground. The lower steps were intended for children, and to provide a footrest for a nursing mother.

Kendrick himself supplied only 2 stones, the rest being donated by others. By January 1860 the road from Warrington to Prescot had stones spaced on average about every 2 miles (thus probably around 5 stones) and Kendrick stated that he had secured a donor to continue from there to Liverpool (around another 10 miles, although none of these stones are known to survive). He also stated that he had enough stones to supply the road from Manchester to Hollins Green (around 14 miles), but that time to visit proposed sites was a limiting factor. The cost of stones for use outside the borough of Warrington, which were made of a cheaper stone, was 2 guineas (including transport and an inscription). The suggested routes and locations indicate that around 30 stones might have been installed altogether if the project was completed as planned - and Kendrick noted that the suggestion was taken up elsewhere.

A stone is marked in this location on the 1893 Ordnance Survey (OS) 1:2,500 map, and the 1972 1:1,250 map. The stone is reported to have been placed in 1862 in memory of the Prince Consort, who died in 1861. The full quotation inscribed on the stone reads ‘and confessed that they were strangers and pilgrims on the earth’ (Hebrews, 11:13), This and the inscription ‘travellers’ rest’ have become worn and some graffiti have also been inscribed. The ground that had built up around the stone was excavated in 2022 by a member of the local community.

James Kendrick MD (1809-1882) was the son of a notable botanist and surgeon, and also became a physician, but was an important Lancashire antiquarian and sigillographer who contributed significantly to the excavation of Roman remains at Wilderspool, and the collections of Warrington’s museum and free library. He was a member of the British Archaeological Association.

Details

Stone seat for travelling migrants, of 1862, designed by James Kendrick.

MATERIALS: red sandstone.

DESCRIPTION: standing in the verge on the east side of the A49, close to the scene of the initial action of the Battle Of Winwick (1648).

The stone has an overall length of 63 inches, a depth of 22 inches and an overall height of 16 inches. The stone is slightly domed in the centre to shed water, across a width of 39 inches; at either end it steps down by 6 inches, to a lower seat 12 inches wide, and 10 inches high.

The east face has vertical tooling. The west face retains the lower portion of its ‘Travellers’ Rest’ inscription to the top step. Below this it is inscribed, ‘(illegible) NFESSED THAT THEY WERE STRANGERS (illegible)/ PILGRIMS ON THE EARTH. The upper face has modern inscribed graffiti.

Sources

Books and journals
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004), Kendrick, James (1771-1847)
Riley, Peter, Lane, JH, A History Of Newton Le Willows (1992), Vol1 p27

Other
Kendrick, James, Correspondence – Travellers’ Rests, Warrington Guardian 14/01/1860
Travellers’ Rests, Usk Observer and Monmouthshire Central Advertiser, 28/01/1860

End of official list entry